International Private
Transport Law
See for an overview of several treaties
www.unidroit.info
Transport by Road
Scope: Standardizing the conditions
governing the contract for the international carriage of goods by
road, particularly with respect to the documents used for such carriage
and to the carrier's liability.This Convention appliesto every contract
for the carriage of goods by road in vehicles for reward, when the
place of taking over of the goods and the place designated for delivery,
as specified in the contract, are situated in two different countries,
of which at least one is a Contracting country, irrespective of the
place of residence and the nationality of the parties.
Parties Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia
and Herzegovina, Croatia, Georgia, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Lebanon, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Norway,
Russian Federation, Serbia, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia,
Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan (and the following
EU Member States:) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands,
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the
United Kingdom.
Transport by Rail
Scope: Standardizing the conditions
governing the contract for the international carriage of goods by
road, particularly with respect to the documents used for such carriage
and to the carrier's liability.This Convention appliesto every contract
for the carriage of goods by road in vehicles for reward, when the
place of taking over of the goods and the place designated for delivery,
as specified in the contract, are situated in two different countries,
of which at least one is a Contracting country, irrespective of
the place of residence and the nationality of the parties.
Parties Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Georgia, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco,
Norway, Russian Federation, Serbia, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan,
Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan (and the
following EU Member States:) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden and the United Kingdom.
Transport by Air
Scope: Dealing on an international
level with the recording, transfer and recognition of titles and interests
in aircraft.
Parties Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan,
Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Cameroon,
Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Côte
d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador,
Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Haiti,
Iceland, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Kenya, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,
Lebanon, Libya, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Maldives, Mali,
Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Norway,
Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Republic
of the Congo, Rwanda, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, South Africa, Sri
Lanka, Suriname, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia,
Turkmenistan, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela,
Vietnam, Yugoslavia and Zimbabwe (and the following EU Member
States): Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Sweden
and United Kingdom.
- Convention
for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air
(Montreal, 28 May 1999) [See
for more information on Warsaw Convention: UNIDROIT-Website]
Scope: This Convention applies
to all international carriage of persons, baggage or cargo performed
by aircraft for reward. It applies equally to gratuitous carriage
by aircraft performed by an air transport undertaking.
Parties Albania, Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain,
Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Botswana, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape
Verde, Central African Republic, Chile, China, Colombia, Cook Islands,
Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Dominican Republic,
Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Iceland, India,
Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Macedonia,
Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova,
Mongolia, Mozambique, Namibia, New Zealand, Niger, Nigeria, Norway,
Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Qatar, Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Singapore, South Africa,
Sudan, Swaziland, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Turkey,
Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United States, Uruguay, Vanuatu and
Zambia (and the following EU Member States:) Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, European Community,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
- EC
Regulation (No 2027/97) of 9 October 1997 on air carrier liability in
respect of the carriage of passengers and their baggage by air (OJ 1997/L
285, 17), consolidated text after the amendment by EC Regulation (No
889/2002) of 13 May (OJ 2002 L 140, 2) [See
for more information: EUROPE.EU-Website]
Scope: This Regulation lays down
the obligations of Community air carriers in relation to liability
in the event of accidents to passengers for damage sustained in
the event of death or wounding of a passenger or any other bodily
injury suffered by a passenger, if the accident which caused the
damage so sustained took place on board an aircraft or in the course
of any of the operations of embarking or disembarking. This Regulation
also clarifies some insurance requirements for Community air carriers.
In addition, this Regulation sets down some requirements on information
to be provided by air carriers established outside the Community
which operate to, from or within the Community. After the amendment
by EC Regulation (No 889/2002) the Community arrangements are fully
in line with the rules of the Montreal Convention of 28 May 1999.
The aim is to harmonise liability limits and legal defences in respect
of European carriers, irrespective of the route (internal, intra-Community,
international) on which the accident occurs.
Parties: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands,
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and
the United Kingdom.
Transport by sea
- International Convention
for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading
("Hague Rules", Brussels 1924)
Scope: This Convention provides
uniform rules regarding the carriage of goods by sea between ports
in different (Contracting) States, including the effects of a bill
of lading.
Parties: Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Bangladesh (Com. Code), Barbados,
Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil (Com. Code), Cameroon, Cape Verde,
Caymen Islands, China-Macao, Columbia (in part), Croatia, Cuba,
Dominica, Ecuador, Egypt, Fiji, Gambia, Ghana, Gibraltar, Goa, Grenada,
Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Hong Kong, India (Com. Code), Iran, Israel,
Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Lebanon, Madagascar,
Malaysia, Mauritius, Monaco, Montserrat, Mozambique, Nauru, Nigeria,
Norway, Pakistan (Com. Code), Panama (Com. Code), Papua New Guinea,
Paraguay, Peru, Russia (Com. Code), São Tomé and Príncipe,
Sarawak, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands,
Somalia, Sri Lanka, St. Kitts - Nevis, St Lucia, St. Vincent and
Grenadines, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, Timor, Tonga,
Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos, Turkey, Tuvalu, United States,
Yugoslavia and Zaire (Congo) (and the following EU Member States:)
Belgium, Bulgaria (Com. Code), Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia (Com. Code),
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Netherlands, Malta (Com. Code), Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden and United Kingdom.
- United Nations Convention
on the Carriage of Goods by Sea ("Hamburg Rules", 1978)
Scope: This Convention provides
uniform rules regarding the carriage of goods by sea between ports
in different (Contracting) States, including the effects of a
bill of lading. Pursuant to Article 31 of the Convention, the
entry into force of the Rotterdam Rules coupled to denunciation
of the Hamburg Rules and at the latest five years after entry
into force of this Convention, ratifying States should denounce
the Conventions governing the Hague-Visby Rules. The most important
countries, however, still apply the Hague-Visby Rules. The Netherlands
is neither a party to the Hamburg Rules.
Parties: Albania, Barbados, Botswana, Burkina
Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chile, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Gambia,
Georgia. Guinea, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Lebanon, Lesotho,
Liberia, Malawi, Morocco, Nigeria, Paraguay, Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Syria, Tanzania, Tunisia,
Uganda and Zambia (and the following EU-Member States:)
Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary and Romania.
- United Nations Convention
on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly
by Sea ("Rotterdam Rules", 2009)
[See
for more information: Unicitral-Website]
Scope: Adoption of new rules
to modernise the rules for the international carriage by sea,
taken into account as well transport only partially by sea and
modern transport practices, including containerization, door-to-door
transport contracts and the use of electronic transport documents.
Parties: Spain (The following States have signed,
yet not ratified the Rotterdam Rules: Armenia, Cameroon, Congo,
Democratic Republic of the Congo, , Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Madagascar,
Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Senegal, Switzerland, Togo, United
States of America and the following EU-Member States:
Denmark, France, Greece, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland and Sweden)
[20 actions are required for entry into force].
- International
Convention on Salvage (IMO, Londen, 1989)
[See
for more information]
Scope: Uniform international
rules regarding rendering of assistance to ships and its cargo
at sea (salvage operations)
Parties: Albania, Australia, Azerbaijan, Brazil,
Canada, China, Congo, Croatia, Dominica, Ecuador, Egypt, Georgia,
Guinea, Guyana, Iceland, India, Iran, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati,
Liberia, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, New Zealand, Nigeria,
Norway, Oman, Russian Federation, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saudi
Arabia, Sierra Leone, Switzerland, Syria, Tonga, Tunisia, United
Arab Emirates, United States of America and Vanuatu (and the
following EU Member States: Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and United
Kingdom.
- York-Antwerp Rules
(IMO, Londen, 1989)
[See
for more information]
Scope: A set of internationally-accepted
rules, first published in 1890, proposing points of detail in the
application of the maritime law principle of general average. The
York-Antwerp Rules regulate the method of allocating general average
losses between ship owners and cargo owners when a part of the ship
or of the cargo must be ditched in order to escape from a dangerous
situation.
Parties: There are no official Contracting Parties,
since the York Antwerp Rules are no International Convention or
Treaty. Maritime law includes international agreements, national
laws on shipping, and private agreements voluntarily adhered to
by the parties involved in shipping contracts. The York-Antwerp
Rules of General Average are the best known example of such private
agreements, as they establish the rights and obligations of the
parties when cargo must be jettisoned from a ship. Many States refer
in their national law to the applicability of the York-Antwerp Rules
or have incorporated provisions therein which are similar to these
rules. The York-Antwerp Rules may have effect as well on account
of unwritten customary law.
-
International Convention
on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage (Londen, 2001)
[See
for more information]
Scope: To adopt uniform international
rules and procedures for determining questions of liability and
providing adequate, prompt and effective compensation in cases of
damage caused by pollution resulting from the escape or discharge
of bunker oil from ships. Summary of provisions: The Convention
was adopted in the framework of the International Maritime Organisation
(IMO). The convention is modelled on the International Convention
on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1969. As with that
convention, a key requirement in the bunkers convention is the need
for the registered owner of a vessel to maintain compulsory insurance
cover. Another key provision is the requirement for direct action
- this would allow a claim for compensation for pollution damage
to be brought directly against an insurer. The Convention requires
ships over 1,000 gross tonnage to maintain insurance or other financial
security, such as the guarantee of a bank or similar financial institution,
to cover the liability of the registered owner for pollution damage
in an amount equal to the limits of liability under the applicable
national or international limitation regime, but in all cases, not
exceeding an amount calculated in accordance with the Convention
on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims, 1976.
Parties: Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia,
Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda (UK), China, Croatia, Egypt, Ethiopia,
Hong Kong, Iran, Jamaica, Jordan, Kiribati, Korea Republic, Liberia,
Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Montenegro, Morocco, Norway, Panama,
Russian Federation, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, Samoa, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Syria, Tonga,
Tuvalu, Vanuatu. Brazil and Canada have signed, but not yet ratified
it. (The following EU Member States are a Party as well:)
Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
Poland, Romania, lovenia, Spain, and United Kingdom. Sweden has
signed, but not yet ratified it. The Member States of the European
Community subject to Community rules in this area shall apply Community
rules on jurisdiction in their mutual relations insofar as the pollution
damage is caused in a geographical area referred to in Article 2
of the Convention of a Member State of the European Community and
the defendant is domiciled in a Member State of the European Community.
Judgments referred to in Article 10.1 of the Convention shall, when
given by a Court of a Member State of the European Community subject
to Community rules in this area, be recognised and enforced in another
Member State of the European Community according to such Community
rules (see Proposal
OJ 051 E , 26/02/2002 P. 0371 - 0371).
-
International
Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (Brussels,
1969) [See
for more information]
Scope: To ensure that adequate
compensation is available to persons who suffer damage caused by
pollution resulting from the escape or discharge of oil from ships
and to standardise international rules and procedures for determining
questions of liability and adequate compensation in such areas.
Parties: Albania, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda,
Australia, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Benin,
Brazil, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia,
Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Djibouti, Dominican Republic,
Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia,
Georgia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Iceland, India, Indonesia,
Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Korea Republic, Kuwait,
Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall
Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro,
Morocco, Mozambique, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman,
Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Qatar, Russian Federation, Saint
Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, São Tomé e Principe,
Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore,
Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Syria, Tonga,
Tunesia, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, United Arab Emirates, United States
of America, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen, Yugoslavia (and the following
EU Member States:) Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden
and United Kingdom.
-
International
Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (as amended
in 1992) [See
for more information]
Scope: To amend the 1969 International
Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage. Summary
of provisions: The Protocol was adopted in the framework of the
International Maritime Organisation (IMO). Paragraphs 1 and 9 of
Article 5 of the Convention are amended with regard to the method
of calculation of limitation of liability.
Parties: Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados,
Belize, Benin, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile,
China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Croatia, Djibouti,
Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji,
Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Iceland, India, Indonesia,
Iran, Israel, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Kiribati, Korea Republic, Kuwait,
Lebanon, Liberia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands,
Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco,
Mozambique, Namibia, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan,
Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Russian
Federation, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles,
Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka,
Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunesia,
Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay,
Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen (and the following EU Member
States:) Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom.
-
Convention
on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims, 1976 (London,
1976) [See
for more information]
Scope: Uniform rules relating
to the limitation of liability for maritime claims, like (a) claims
in respect of loss of life or personal injury or loss of or damage
to property (including damage to harbour works, basins and waterways
and aids to navigation), occurring on board or in direct connexion
with the operation of the ship or with salvage operations, and consequential
loss resulting therefrom, (b) claims in respect of loss resulting
from delay in the carriage by sea of cargo, passengers or their
luggage, (c) claims in respect of other loss resulting from infringement
of rights other than contractual rights, occurring in direct connexion
with the operation of the ship or salvage operations, (d) claims
in respect of the raising, removal, destruction or the rendering
harmless of a ship which is sunk, wrecked, stranded or abandoned,
including anything that is or has been on board such ship, (e) claims
in respect of the removal, destruction or the rendering harmless
of the cargo of the ship and (f) claims of a person other than the
person liable in respect of measures taken in order to avert or
minimize loss for which the person liable may limit his liability
in accordance with this Convention, and further loss caused by such
measures.
Parties: Albania, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda,
Australia, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Barbados, Benin, China, Congo Republic,
Cook Islands, Croatia, Dominica, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Georgia,
Guyana, India, Jamaica, Japan, Kiribati, Liberia, Marshall Islands,
Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Saint
Lucia, Samoa, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Switzerland, Syria, Tonga,
Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Tuvalu, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu,
Yemen (and the following EU Member States:) Belgium, Bulgaria,
Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Romania,
Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom.
-
Protocol
of 1996 to amend the Convention on Limitation of Liability for
Maritime Claims, 1976 (LLMC Protocol) (London, 1996)
[See
for more information]
Scope: The Protocol serves to
amend the Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims,
done at London on 19 November 1976, to provide for enhanced compensation
and to establish a simplified procedure for updating the limitation
amounts. Not all Contracting Parties to the Convention have accepted
the Protocol.
Parties: Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia,
Canada, Cook Islands, Croatia, Iceland, India, Jamaica, Japan, Liberia,
Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Norway, Palau, Russian Federation,
Saint Lucia, Samoa, Sierra Leone, Syria, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu (and
the following EU Member States:) Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Romania,
Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom.
Transport by inland waterway vessel
- General
Average Rules IVR including Commentary (Gent, 1 June 2006)
[See
for more information the website of: www.ivr.nl]
Scope: Legal unification in
inland shipping by issuing uniform rules for general average on
inland waterways. cases, already in 1956 the so-called "IVR Rhine
Rules" were drawn up and recommended for international Rhine shipping.
In the actual practice this has for decades led to the application
of uniform rules in the interest of inland navigation and of insurers.
With the realisation of the connection between Rhine and Danube,
IVR has concentrated her activities on a rapprochement between
East and West and pursuing European unification. In order to recommend
an analogue application of the IVR Rhine Rules also in Middle-
and East European countries, the IVR Board of Management decided,
as proposed by the Average Committee, to change the name of the
Rhine Rules into "IVR General Average Rules". Consequently, in
the interest of all parties concerned application of these rules
is recommended.
Parties: There are no official Contracting Parties,
since the General Average Rules IVR (and its forerunner the so-called
"IVR Rhine Rules") are no International Convention or Treaty.
The Rules are private agreements that can voluntarily be adhered
by parties involved in shipping contracts, here over inland waterways.
- United Nations Convention
on the Carriage of Goods by Sea ("Hamburg Rules", 1978)
Scope: This Convention provides
uniform rules regarding the carriage of goods by sea between ports
in different (Contracting) States, including the effects of a
bill of lading. Pursuant to Article 31 of the Convention, the
entry into force of the Rotterdam Rules coupled to denunciation
of the Hamburg Rules and at the latest five years after entry
into force of this Convention, ratifying States should denounce
the Conventions governing the Hague-Visby Rules. The most important
countries, however, still apply the Hague-Visby Rules. The Netherlands
is neither a party to the Hamburg Rules.
Parties: Albania, Barbados, Botswana, Burkina
Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chile, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Gambia,
Georgia. Guinea, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Lebanon, Lesotho,
Liberia, Malawi, Morocco, Nigeria, Paraguay, Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Syria, Tanzania, Tunisia,
Uganda and Zambia (and the following EU-Member States:)
Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary and Romania.
Miscellaneous
|